19,657 research outputs found
The unphysical character of dark energy fluids
It is well known that, in the context of general relativity, an unknown kind
of matter that must violate the strong energy condition is required to explain
the current accelerated phase of expansion of the Universe. This unknown
component is called dark energy and is characterized by an equation of state
parameter . Thermodynamic stability requires that and positiveness of entropy that . In this paper we
proof that we cannot obtain a differentiable function to represent the
dark energy that satisfies these conditions trough the entire history of the
Universe.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Tsallis and Kaniadakis statistics from a point of view of the holographic equipartition law
In this work, we have illustrated the difference between both Tsallis and
Kaniadakis entropies through cosmological models obtained from the formalism
proposed by Padmanabhan, which is called holographic equipartition law.
Similarly to the formalism proposed by Komatsu, we have obtained an extra
driving constant term in the Friedmann equation if we deform the Tsallis
entropy by Kaniadakis' formalism. We have considered initially Tsallis entropy
as the Black Hole (BH) area entropy. This constant term may lead the universe
to be in an accelerated mode. On the other hand, if we start with the
Kaniadakis entropy as the BH area entropy and then by modifying the Kappa
expression by Tsallis' formalism, the same constant, which shows that the
universe have an acceleration is obtained. In an opposite limit, no driving
inflation term of the early universe was derived from both deformations.Comment: 8 pages, preprint format. Final version to appear in Europhysics
Letter
Mass Exchange Dynamics of Surface and Subsurface Oil in Shallow-Water Transport
We formulate a model for the mass exchange between oil at and below the sea
surface. This is a particularly important aspect of modeling oil spills.
Surface and subsurface oil have different chemical and transport
characteristics and lumping them together would compromise the accuracy of the
resulting model. Without observational or computational constraints, it is thus
not possible to quantitatively predict oil spills based upon partial field
observations of surface and/or sub-surface oil. The primary challenge in
capturing the mass exchange is that the principal mechanisms are on the
microscale. This is a serious barrier to developing practical models for oil
spills that are capable of addressing questions regarding the fate of oil at
the large spatio-temporal scales, as demanded by environmental questions. We
use upscaling to propose an environmental-scale model which incorporates the
mass exchange between surface and subsurface oil due to oil droplet dynamics,
buoyancy effects, and sea surface and subsurface mechanics. While the mass
exchange mechanism detailed here is generally applicable to oil transport
models, it addresses the modeling needs of a particular to an oil spill model
[1]. This transport model is designed to capture oil spills at very large
spatio-temporal scales. It accomplishes this goal by specializing to
shallow-water environments, in which depth averaging is a perfectly good
approximation for the flow, while at the same time retaining mass conservation
of oil over the whole oceanic domain.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
- …